(2012) reported that the silicate fertilization is not effective in reducing CH4 emissions in green manure amended paddy soils probably due to the enhanced decomposition of added organic matter by the silicate liming effect. Trends Biotechnol. The results of our previous works showed that essential Ca and Si elements were effectively supplied by the dicalcium silicate phase (C2S) while the glassy phase of the CaO–SiO2–FeO system served as an Fe source. The main objective of the project was to enhance food security, improve soil fertility, and mitigate greenhouse gases from agriculture using integrated cropping-livestock systems in … doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04299.x, Gwon, H. S., Khan, M. I., Alam, M. A., Das, S., and Kim, P. J. Next-generation sequencing technologies for environmental DNA research. Ecosyst. Microbiol., 18 June 2019 Methane emission from soils is regulated by CH4−producing archaea, i.e., methanogens, and CH4-consuming bacteria, i.e., methanotrophs, while N2O emission is mostly regulated by nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria (Singh et al., 2010). doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2439, Song, A., Fan, F., Yin, C., Wen, S., Zhang, Y., Fan, X., et al. The irrigation that grows crops, especially in dry countries, can also be responsible for taxing aquifers beyond their capacities. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has championed World Soil Day on 5 December for the past few years. Plant Nut. An overview of use of Linz-Donawitz (LD) steel slag in agriculture. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2008.04.014, Beerling, D. J., Leake, J. R., Long, S. P., Scholes, J. D., Ton, J., Nelson, P. N., et al. THE CHALLENGE T he dramatic increase in crop production of the last 50 years has reduced the number of chronically undernourished people. Owing to its high Si content, the use of slag as silicate fertilizer is gaining demand. Steel slag amendment impacts on soil microbial communities and activities of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Over the past decades, with the rapid growth of industrialization, the higher volume of byproducts (slag) generated from iron/steel production draw attention to the need for its recycling in an increasingly efficient way. Nat. 463638, 1–13. Another demerit of slag fertilizer is that it contains small proportions of N and K, and P (in some slag fertilizer), which are essential nutrients for plant growth. Biol. With few exceptions, the required metals are divalent cations, including Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+, and the most abundant cation source are silicate minerals. (2018). Soil management. 109. Intensification of crop production over the last 50 years has come to be known as the ‘green revolution’ and has been achieved by the use of modern high-yielding varieties while greater benefits have been realized from chemical fertilizers, irrigation, and weed and pest control. D. Achilias (InTech). doi: 10.1155/2011/463638, Keywords: microbial dynamics, silicate fertilization, slag, greenhouse gas emissions, carbon sequestration, Citation: Das S, Kim GW, Hwang HY, Verma PP and Kim PJ (2019) Cropping With Slag to Address Soil, Environment, and Food Security. Environ. Thus, the complexity of plant–soil interactions influenced by soil properties is the major concern for the sustainable crop growth and global food security. Improvements in soil health, along with increase in availability of water and nutrients, increases soil's resilience against extreme climate events, imparts disease‐suppressive attributes, and advances sustainable development goals of the U.N. Effects of steel slag application on greenhouse gas emissions and crop yield over multiple growing seasons in a subtropical paddy field in China. (2009a) reported that the silicate fertilizer amendment in no-tillage submerged paddies could improve the crop yield up to 47.2%. (2006), however, revealed that the long-term application of converter slag significantly increased Cr and V contents in the cultivated layer of soil. 29 . In fact, at the system level, soil microorganisms play a vital role in virtually all ecosystem processes and provide ecosystem services crucial for the maintenance of soil quality and productivity (Das et al., 2017). Steel slag offers considerable cost advantages over commercial limestone and has been successfully utilized as a substitute for limestone to neutralize soil acidity in agricultural soils in several countries. (2018) reported that the addition of steel slag and biochar in subtropical paddy fields could decrease active SOC pools and enhance soil C sequestration only in the early crop, but not the late crop. Agric. Owing to the contradictory results, the mechanism underlying N2O emissions and changes in the genetic potential of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria under slag fertilization needs further investigation. (Luxembourg: International). Intensive agricultural production often impacts the soil microbiome at a cost to productivity, sustainability and the environment. Mineral carbonation reactions require combining CO2 with metals to form stable carbonate minerals. 12, 797–808. From the perspective of natural resource conservation, environmental protection, and human health safety measures, recycling of slag has drawn the attention of scientists, environmentalists, and policymakers in recent years. 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