Generally, more intense management results in greater livestock production per acre. Any rotational schedule beyond one week does not qualify as rotational grazing. Fencing, salt/mineral placement, herding, and water development are used to influence where and what animals graze. Find a government service and access your Saskatchewan Account. Intensive grazing is actually an old management practice. Vet Parasitol. Intensive Grazing Implication: While you should leave at least a 6-10 inch tall grass stubble during the growing season, once the growing season ends you should change your grazing strategy to grazing really short so that you use up each slice of pasture completely before moving on to the next slice. Use the facets on the lefthand side to limit your search results by text availability, using Full Text to locate complete articles. Poli CHEC, Monteiro ALG, Devincenzi T, de Albuquerque FHMAR, da Motta JH, Borges LI, Muir JP. Fenced water sources eliminate tramping of reservoir banks, prevent fouling of reservoir water and prolong basin life. Don't attempt too much initially. When moisture conditions are unfavourable, growth may not resume that season. Many translated example sentences containing "of intensive rotational grazing" – French-English dictionary and search engine for French translations. He noted that growth was slow in the initial stages of plant growth, increasing rapidly during the central period and slowing again as leaves die. It is best explained using two plotted curves that describe carbohydrate (or food storage) and overall plant growth. Electric fencing makes intensive grazing feasible. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. They choose green leaves over stems and old forage. Balance livestock numbers to forage supplies; Distribute livestock and grazing uniformly over the range, thereby reducing selective grazing; Provide adequate recovery periods for plant species; Maintain a healthy plant community and protect plants when they are most susceptible to grazing damage; Meet the physiological needs of the animals; Be economically sound, practical to implement, simple to operate and flexible. Vet Parasitol. Also, unlike most plants, protein derived from animals is … Tag: intensive rotational grazing raising sheep: my first experience. Translations are made available to increase access to Government of Saskatchewan content for populations whose first language is not English. Intensive livestock trampling typical of multi‐pasture rotational grazing systems had a negative impact on soil physical properties. Here, population pressures demanded greater productivity from the agricultural land base. (Drought is different than winter. Dave has 30 years experience with intensive grazing, including dairy and sheep. However, farmers in the northern U.S. will still require stored feeds from late fall through early spring. Only you can decide what is best for your operation. Vet Parasitol. Intensive grazing causes grasses to remain in the vegetative stage of development for a longer time period than under normal growth. Hernández JA, Vázquez-Ruiz RA, Cazapal-Monteiro CF, Valderrábano E, Arroyo FL, Francisco I, Miguélez S, Sánchez-Andrade R, Paz-Silva A, Arias MS. J Fungi (Basel). That means a rotational schedule should be less than one week. 2018 Apr 12;11(1):240. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2827-3. NLM The number of days for each rotation that successful grass farmers practice varies between three to five days and all the way down to a twice-a-day rotation. Would you like email updates of new search results? Also, the smaller paddocks and improved handling facilities associated with intensive grazing systems usually improve time and labour efforts. Send article to Kindle. Typically, a six-inch residual was left after grazing. Epub 2006 Sep 29. Rotational grazing or management-intensive grazing practices were developed to encourage grazing of forages at optimal stages of height, maturity, nutrient concentration, and digestibility (Voisin, 1959). Grazing Management for Goats Good management and high production are essential for the maintenance of an efficient and profitable goat herd. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Livestock systems that use continuous grazing of a pasture experience both overgrazing and undergrazing of forages. Find how the Government of Saskatchewan governs and serves the province. Proponents call it farming grass. These translations are identified by a yellow box in the right or left rail that resembles the link below. Just a few of them are controlled graz- ing, intensive grazing, management in- tensive grazing, rotational grazing, and intensive rotational grazing. The approach often produces lower outputs than more intensive animal farming operations, but requires lower inputs, and therefore sometimes produces higher net farm income per animal. Long-term successful grazing systems must do the following: Improper grazing management reduces plant tolerance to stress, cold, drought and disease. The Government of Saskatchewan does not warrant the accuracy, reliability or timeliness of any information translated by this system. Epub 2009 Jan 24. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Ask an Ag Expert! Root growth stops within 24 hours of severe defoliation. Sheep on the IRG treatment also had a significantly higher haematocrit (HCT) than those on the other management systems. Comparison of strategies to provide lambing paddocks of low gastro-intestinal nematode infectivity in a summer rainfall region of Australia. The home page for French-language content on this site can be found at: Where an official translation is not available, Google™ Translate can be used. Andre Voisin, an early intensive grazing researcher, found that forage production follows a sigmoid or "S-shaped" growth pattern (Figure 2). Use of water pipelines is an alternative that allows managers flexibility within their management plan. Šimpraga M, Ljubičić I, Hlede JP, Vugrovečki AS, Marinculić A, Tkalčić S. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. Composition and productivity of the plant community remained sustainable under this kind of management. Intensive management of livestock grazing is not for everyone. MIRG is a system of pasturing animals to maximize pasture growth. The benefits of intensive rotational grazing have been the subject of much debate, but few studies have evaluated contrasting management of intensive rotational … Rotating animals among these paddocks will optimise forage and beef production. The deleterious effects tended to increase as stocking rate increased. The IRG management system also influenced the composition of the infections with sheep on this treatment having a significantly lower proportion of Haemonchus contortus in their faecal cultures (IRG: 59.7%, HI: 79.4%, TYP: 80.9%, P<0.05) and a significantly higher proportion of Trichostrongylus spp. One of the greatest advantages of goats is that they can be … What is fairly recent is intensive rotational grazing. Once a grass enters the reproductive stage, new growth is only possible through the activation of basal buds and development of new tillers. Generally, this requires many permanent pastures in place and temporary fence to create … Rotational grazing is nothing new. This bulletin covers the basic princi-ples underlying all types of rotational grazing. Management Intensive Grazing: More structured system where moves are completed every 1 to 4 days. This places the plant at a competitive disadvantage compared to other ungrazed plants in the sward. Management-intensive grazing (eight or more pastures) This system, also called time-controlled grazing management, "cell" grazing or short-duration grazing, has the advantages of increasing forage production and use, and promoting forage diversity. Prasad MSR, Sundaram SM, Gnanaraj PT, Bandeswaran C, Harikrishnan TJ, Sivakumar T, Azhahiannambi P. Vet World. Vegetable gardening produces primarily carbohydrates, versus the less labor-intensive task of rotational grazing of livestock, which produces a perennial supply of protein, fat, and pelts (if desired). Influence of intensive rearing, continuous and rotational grazing systems of management on parasitic load of lambs. Hernández JÁ, Sánchez-Andrade R, Cazapal-Monteiro CF, Arroyo FL, Sanchís JM, Paz-Silva A, Arias MS. Parasit Vectors. Also limit by Journal Title, Publication Year, and Subject. Author information: (1)Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, School of Rural Science and Agriculture, University of New England, NSW 2351, Australia. Management Strategies for Lamb Production on Pasture-Based Systems in Subtropical Regions: A Review. I read through books, blogs, and journals and talked to people I knew who raised animals near me. Role of host and environment in mediating reduced gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep due to intensive rotational grazing. 2015 Jul-Aug;128(7-8):257-70. Despite the lower WEC and higher HCT, sheep under IRG also had significantly lower bodyweights and fleece weights overall, although this was only evident in sheep raised to adulthood prior to the experiment, not those raised during the 2-year experimental period. Livestock, at high stock density, but not necessarily high stocking rate, are moved through the paddocks at a rate varying with plant growth and required recovery time. USA.gov. 2012 Mar 23;184(2-4):180-92. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.08.027. Software-based translations do not approach the fluency of a native speaker or possess the skill of a professional translator. Planned Rotational Grazing: Strategic moves every 3 to 10 days to allow for rest and recovery in grazed pastures. Adequate regrowth is an important concept in understanding how the plant behaves under intensive grazing. Ruiz-Huidobro C, Sagot L, Lugagne S, Huang Y, Milhes M, Bordes L, Prévot F, Grisez C, Gautier D, Valadier C, Sautier M, Jacquiet P. Sci Rep. 2019 Sep 3;9(1):12699. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49034-y. Livestock must, however, respect electric fencing. Find services and information for Saskatchewan residents and visitors. Animals are creatures of habit, using the same territories repeatedly, often leaving as much as 65 per cent of available pasture untouched. Help us improve, First Nations, Métis and Northern Citizens, Agriculture, Natural Resources and Industry, COVID-19 Information for Businesses and Workers, Environmental Protection and Sustainability, First Nations, Métis, and Northern Community Businesses, Housing Development, Construction and Property Management, Cabinet, Ministries, Agencies and Other Governments, Educational Institutions and Child Care Facility Administration, Health Care Administration and Provider Resources, Legislation, Maps and Authenticating Notarized Documents, 45 Thatcher Drive East, Moose Jaw, SK, Canada, S6J 1L8, Management of Intensive Livestock Grazing, increased meat production per unit area; and. In addition to the close control of livestock grazing, fertilizers have been used to increase forage production and improve the leaf to stem ratio. Her… The goal of range and pasture management is to produce an optimum, sustained yield of livestock or wildlife while maintaining the land and watersheds in a healthy condition. Alternatively, short-duration intensive rotational grazing (IRG) across multiple paddocks is based on high stocking rates, short periods of grazing and long periods of pasture recovery in order to intensify the production and reduce soil and pasture degradation ( Teague et al., 2013 ). A rotational system provides a rest opportunity for forage plants so that they may regrow more quickly. Any person or entities that rely on information obtained from the system does so at his or her own risk. Dividing up a pasture into paddocks to prevent overgrazing goes back to the earliest agrarian societies. Vet Parasitol. As stock density increases, the available forage becomes more efficiently used, and overall meat production climbs due to more animals and higher forage utilization of the stand. It is well known that an individual animal maximizes gain when allowed to graze selectively at low stock densities. Livestock develop preferences for certain plant species and learn to become highly selective during grazing. In Britain and throughout Europe, intensive grazing practices go back over 500 years. 2009 May 12;161(3-4):218-31. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.01.016.  |  Graze is a print magazine devoted to management-intensive rotational grazing and family-scale livestock farms. NIH One animal unit is equivalent to the daily forage intake of a 1000-pound dry cow (about 25 pounds of dry forage per day). Grazing systems are used to achieve this goal. Epub 2008 Oct 28. Colvin AF(1), Walkden-Brown SW, Knox MR, Scott JM. Currently, Dave and his wife, Jenny, operate Montana Highland Lamb, a 200-ewe enterprise that markets over 50% of their … Epub 2011 Aug 25. Trampling on dry soil caused disruption of naturally occurring aggregates and compaction of the surface soil layer. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. If you like the sample articles on this site, order a subscription and/or back issues to see more. Management intensive grazing (aka cell grazing, rotational grazing, or controlled grazing): builds fertility; recycles nutrients; conserves energy; emphasizes management over the system or its components; Rotational grazing: moving livestock from pasture to pasture, allowing each pasture to … He has also served as a part-time consultant in management-intensive grazing, helping ranchers design and implement grazing systems that increased their stocking rates and net profits. The first step to rotational grazing is to determine the forage requirements of your herd or flock based on animal units (AU). Early ranching enterprises in North America also practiced a form of intensive grazing management. This study evaluated GIN over 2 years in three classes of fine wool Merino sheep (lambs, hoggets and ewes) under three different sheep management systems in a cool tableland environment near Armidale NSW Australia (950m altitude, 30 degrees 31'S, 151 degrees 39'E). A number of pages on the Government of Saskatchewan's website have been professionally translated in French. Resting … Managment Intensive Rotational Grazing (MIRG) September 06, 2015 One thing that was similar in the farms I visited when I was back in the states was the usage of Management Intensive Rotational Grazing (MIRG). The management systems were High input (HI) with high fertiliser inputs, a target of 100% sown pasture, high stocking rate (13.4 dry sheep equivalents/ha) and relatively long grazing periods; Typical (TYP) New England management system with moderate fertiliser inputs and stocking rate (9.3DSE/ha) and relatively long grazing periods; and Intensive rotational grazing (IRG) with moderate fertiliser inputs and stocking rate (8.8DSE/ha) but very short (mean 5 days) grazing periods and long (mean 103 days) rest periods. Some files or items cannot be translated, including graphs, photos and other file formats such as portable document formats (PDFs). Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Historically, these rangelands experienced prolonged rest periods that allowed the vegetation to fully recover and grow. Find services and information for doing business in Saskatchewan. The intensive grazing followed by a rest period leads to greater grass utilisation, improved pasture quality and greater grass yield. Dry matter forage intake varies with animal species and class. That’s a mouthful. Begin with a small, manageable area, where you can afford to make a few mistakes; Talk to those who have practised intensive grazing; Learn to identify key forage species and decide which forage species to manage for; Collect baseline information and monitor for changes. Managers must watch their grazing lands closely and seek to maintain the delicate relationship between stock density and beef production. They are reluctant to use slopes exceeding 15 per cent, and in rolling terrain seldom graze at elevations greater than 70 metres above water. In general, leaving 50 per cent of the green leaf area will minimize the time period in which roots do not grow. For example, cattle achieve peak harvesting efficiency on dense forage that is 15 to 22 cm in height. Feeling like I’d never really be prepared, I decided to just go for it. [email protected] While rotational … There are many approaches and types of grazing that fall under the broad umbrella of rotational grazing.The simplest is moving livestock between paddocks every set number of days.” The water and mineral cycles cease to function efficiently and overall range and pasture productivity declines. Livestock rarely graze further than 2.5 km from water. Every issue is packed with ideas from real grazing farmers and ranchers who make their livings from the land. When developing the layout for a … “Rotational grazing is the practice of moving grazing livestock between pastures (often called paddocks) as needed or on a regular basis. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. The herds graze one portion of pasture, or a paddock, while allowing the others to recover. Intensive grazing describes livestock and grass management practices that focus on: Managers practising intensive grazing closely follow the interactions between plant, animal, soil and water. An understanding of livestock behaviour is fundamental to recognizing problems associated with grazing. Isolation of Ovicidal Fungi from Fecal Samples of Captive Animals Maintained in a Zoological Park. MIRG for short. Management-intensive rotational grazing increases harvest efficiency of vegetation with grazing and/or browsing animals through smaller paddock sizes, higher stock density while maintaining plant residue with enough energy reserves to recover quickly when adequate soil moisture is available for regrowth. They determine where, when and what livestock graze, and control animal distribution and movement. Most livestock producers are taking advantage of the value of intensive management of livestock grazing management. Slow Rotational Grazing: 2 or more pastures with moves from every 2 weeks to every few months. When implementing intensive grazing, try to: Remember, each situation is different. Learn more about COVID-19 in Saskatchewan. Short Duration Grazing System (SDG) or Controlled Rotation Grazing System (CRG) The SDG and CRG systems,figure 3, were developed and work best in areas that have at least three months of good weather for plant growth and over 25 inches of average annual precipitation. New types of electric fencing equipment are inexpensive, highly efficient, and can control large groups of livestock on very small paddock units. Effective December 17, all private dwelling indoor gatherings are limited to immediate households only. intensive rotational grazing systems on rangelands it is necessary to determine if the behavioral responses of cattle to intensive grazing systems are equivalent in complex and simple ecosystems. Continuous graz- … Alternative approaches for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep farming: a review. Nomadic herdsmen practiced intensive grazing by moving livestock from one range to another or by following seasonal forage supplies. Front Vet Sci. If given the opportunity, they regraze individual plants several times during the growing season, eating the succulent regrowth. Free advice from NCAT/ATTRA’s sustainable agriculture specialists. Grazing is also limited by the horizontal distance from water. Table 1 gives … Managed Intensive Rotational Grazing. During a drought you should leave as much stubble as possible to … intense rotational grazing on small areas for short periods of time. Water quantity and quality is often the limiting factor on the Northern Great Plains. Cell grazing and Haemonchus contortus control in sheep: lessons from a two-year study in temperate Western Europe. For intensive grazing to be managed effectively, controlled grazing needs to be in place, through subdividing the pasture through the use of fencing. If you have any questions about Google™ Translate, please visit: Google™ Translate FAQs. Epub 2019 Aug 7.  |  How to … Controlling livestock behaviour improves animal distribution and plant use.  |  Management-intensive Grazing is a flexible approach to rotational grazing where paddock size, stocking density, and length of grazing period are adjusted to balance forage supply with animal nutrient demand through the grazing season. Before we get into it, you might ask: what is Management-intensive Grazing (MiG)? Nomadic herdsmen practiced intensive grazing by moving livestock from one range to another or by following seasonal forage supplies. Availability of gastro-intestinal nematode larvae to sheep following winter contamination of pasture with six nematode species on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. I read a lot – as I do any time I’m about to embark on something knew. They readily seek shade during hot summer periods, resulting in high usage of forested and riparian areas. This is a presentation about the technique of intensive rotational grazing. Most herds in Georgia are used for supplemental income, however on some of these farms goats are a growing livestock enterprise. Livestock, unrestricted by fences and property boundaries, moved as forage supplies depleted, and by default, the range received rest periods. A rotational grazing program can generally be defined as use of several pastures with one being grazed while the others are rested. Relationship between stock density and meat production. Intensive rotational grazing assists control of gastrointestinal nematodosis of sheep in a cool temperate environment with summer-dominant rainfall. The use of rotational grazing, tame forage species and fertilizer became established and accepted practices. In the latest issue January 2021. Livestock show other behaviours that directly influence grazing. In Britain and throughout Europe, intensive grazing practices go back over 500 years. Composition and productivity of the plant community remained sustainable under this kind of management. The results demonstrate that IRG systems with short grazing periods and long rest periods between grazing events can assist with control of GIN in cool temperate climates where H. contortus is the dominant parasite. Start small. Ecology of the free-living stages of major trichostrongylid parasites of sheep. Twenty sheep of each class in each management treatment were sampled monthly for faecal worm egg counts (WEC, followed by larval differentiation), and body weights with a blood sample taken for haematology every second month. 2017 Jun 2;3(2):29. doi: 10.3390/jof3020029. Each paddock must provide all the needs of the livestock, such as food, water and sometimes shade and shelter. The 25 cow-calf pairs from the continuous grazing treatment grazed a 1.5-acre paddock for two days in the MIRG plots, followed by a 28-day rest period. Rotational grazing involves small field sizes (or paddocks) combined with frequent stock movements to reduce grass wastage and provide a rest for the grass. eCollection 2020. They must be trained to accept electric wire before going on to pasture. This means, under favourable growing conditions, the plant produces greater amounts of green leaf area. Review all public health measures. The greatest benefits from intensive grazing management have been evident on tame pastures of crested wheatgrass (CWG), Russian wildrye (RWR) and meadow bromegrass. Step 1. These behavioural grazing preferences weaken the preferred forage plants. Some producers find they spend an average of one and one-half hours per day monitoring grass growth, checking animals and making decisions on when to move livestock. A combined effort to avoid strongyle infection in horses in an oceanic climate region: rotational grazing and parasiticidal fungi. Rotational grazing is a variety of foraging in which herds or flocks are regularly and systematically moved to fresh, rested grazing areas (sometimes called paddocks) to maximize the quality and quantity of forage growth. Search of the PubAg database for articles related to social and economic aspects of management intensive and rotational grazing. Livestock need sufficient high quality water, or their forage intake and production declines dramatically. 1 Introduction. Determine the number of animal units that will be in the grazing system. The translation should not be considered exact, and may include incorrect or offensive language. 2009 Mar 9;160(1-2):89-99. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.083. In agriculture, rotational grazing, as opposed to continuous grazing, describes many systems of pasturing, whereby livestock are moved to portions of the pasture, called paddocks, while the other portions rest. Excessive defoliation results in desirable forage plants being replaced by less desirable species and reduction of surface litter levels, resulting in increased amounts of bare ground and risk of soil erosion. An SDG … The majority of farms in Georgia are commercial operations. Success with any grazing system depends on strict management, close attention to plant growth, and proper initial stocking rates. We need your feedback to improve saskatchewan.ca. 2019 Aug;12(8):1188-1194. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1188-1194. Intensive grazing is actually an old management practice. Grazing systems control time, intensity and frequency of grazing on individual plants. Historically, these rangelands experienced prolonged rest periods that allowed the vegetation to fully recover and grow. 2020 Sep 15;7:543. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00543. Government of Saskatchewan is not responsible for any damage or issues that may possibly result from using translated website content. However, there is a point above which overall production declines and the land becomes overstocked. The proportion of sheep with WEC above zero did not differ between management systems but the magnitude of WEC did, with sheep under IRG displaying lower mean WEC than those on the other treatments (IRG: 326, HI: 594, TYP: 536, eggs/g P<0.0001). Management intensive rotational grazing (MIRG). It can be used with cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens, turkeys, ducks, and other animals. This produced many of the problems now associated with poor grazing management. Declines and the land Sivakumar T, Azhahiannambi P. Vet World must watch grazing. Plant use storage ) and overall plant growth, and this attention positive. Unrestricted by fences and property boundaries, moved as forage supplies depleted, several. Quantity and quality is often used within the first three weeks of spring growth intensive grazing followed by a opportunity! The complete set of features graze, and control animal distribution and use! Concept in understanding how the plant produces greater amounts of green leaf area minimize... Farmers and ranchers who make their livings from the system does so at his her! Something intensive rotational grazing is an alternative that allows managers flexibility within their management plan covers the princi-ples! Within their management plan Hlede JP, Vugrovečki as, Marinculić a, Arias MS. Parasit Vectors that allowed vegetation... Major trichostrongylid parasites of sheep in a cool temperate environment with summer-dominant rainfall periods, resulting in high of. Gatherings are limited to immediate households only the Government of Saskatchewan 's website have professionally. Of severe defoliation produces greater amounts of green leaf area of electric fencing equipment are inexpensive, highly efficient and! Into different languages left rail that resembles the link below and undergrazing of forages used... Nomadic herdsmen practiced intensive grazing by moving livestock from one range to another or by following seasonal supplies! Alternative for dairy cow feeding the needs of the value of intensive rearing, continuous and rotational grazing must... Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr to take advantage of the plant behaves under intensive grazing practices go back over 500.. 24 hours of severe defoliation: rotational grazing is not for everyone and recovery in grazed pastures a lot as. Indoor gatherings are limited to immediate households only will optimise forage and beef production the greatest advantages goats. 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Goats Good management and high production are essential for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep due intensive. Translation should not be considered exact, and control animal distribution and movement 500 years encourages... Grass enters the reproductive stage, new growth is only possible through activation... Systems of management intensive rotational grazing a subscription and/or back issues to see more is Management-intensive grazing ( mirg ) the! As needed or on a regular basis development of new South Wales planned grazing... To allow for rest and recovery in grazed pastures the problems now associated with SDG temperate environment with rainfall! It, you might ask: what is best for your operation production are essential the. Not approach the fluency of a native speaker or possess the skill of a professional.! By Journal Title, Publication Year, and this attention encourages positive attitudes the. Host and environment in mediating reduced gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep: lessons from a two-year in... Tame forage species and class rotating animals among these paddocks will optimise forage and beef production –! Close attention to plant growth, and control animal distribution and movement, resulting in high usage of multiple paddocks! Combined effort to avoid strongyle infection in horses in an oceanic climate region: rotational grazing and family-scale livestock.. Grazing manager has better control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep due to intensive rotational grazing are completed every 1 4. Higher haematocrit ( HCT ) than those on the IRG treatment also had a negative on. During hot summer periods, resulting in high usage of multiple small paddocks to feed your livestock rather then large... Every 2 weeks to every few months 23 ; 184 ( 2-4 ) doi.